Not assigned |
Squamata |
Elapidae
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 3 - 22 m (参考文献 78387). Tropical; 31°N - 58°S (参考文献 356)
Indo-West Pacific.
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 74.5, range 47 - 101.5 cm Max length : 140 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 801); common length : 110 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 801)
Young has gray to black annuli, while juveniles has 45-55 transverse bars that may extend down the flanks with the lower body whitish and without pattern. Adults are uniform gray above, whitish below. Dark bars wider or as wide than paler interspaces.
Average length is 90 cm. The venom of this snake is said to be responsible for more serious and fatal bites than all other sea snakes combined and is considered to have the most toxic venom. Based on studies, the myotoxic phospholipase A from the venom causes myoglobinuria in mice (Ref. 88062). Usually occurs in clear shallow reef waters (Ref. 2357), and may travel about ten miles up tidal rivers (Ref. 88062). Also prefers estuarine conditions in Australia (Ref. 2357). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 801), with 4 to 9 young ones in a brood (Ref. 88062). Feeds on fish (Refs. 801, 88062).
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Ovoviviparous (Ref. 801). It bears 4 to 9 young ones in a brood (Ref. 88062).
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Redfield, J.A., J.C. Holmes and R.D. Holmes 1978 Sea snakes of the Eastern Gulf of Carpentaria. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 29(3):325-334. (参考文献 78387)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书
(参考文献 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
人类利用
渔业: 没有兴趣
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
工具
网络资源
基于模型的估算
回复力
(Ref. 69278): |
高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.6-0.75) |
渔业脆弱性
(参考文献 71543) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100). |
价格分类
(参考文献 80766): |
Unknown. |
