Not assigned |
Squamata |
Elapidae
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
Berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 3 - 22 m (Acuan 78387). Tropical; 31°N - 58°S (Acuan 356)
Indo-West Pacific.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 74.5, range 47 - 101.5 cm Max length : 140 cm TL jantan/; (Acuan 801); common length : 110 cm TL jantan/; (Acuan 801)
Young has gray to black annuli, while juveniles has 45-55 transverse bars that may extend down the flanks with the lower body whitish and without pattern. Adults are uniform gray above, whitish below. Dark bars wider or as wide than paler interspaces.
Average length is 90 cm. The venom of this snake is said to be responsible for more serious and fatal bites than all other sea snakes combined and is considered to have the most toxic venom. Based on studies, the myotoxic phospholipase A from the venom causes myoglobinuria in mice (Ref. 88062). Usually occurs in clear shallow reef waters (Ref. 2357), and may travel about ten miles up tidal rivers (Ref. 88062). Also prefers estuarine conditions in Australia (Ref. 2357). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 801), with 4 to 9 young ones in a brood (Ref. 88062). Feeds on fish (Refs. 801, 88062).
Siklus hidup dan perilaku kawin
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fekunditas | Larva
Ovoviviparous (Ref. 801). It bears 4 to 9 young ones in a brood (Ref. 88062).
rujukan utama
Acuan | Koordinator | mitra
Redfield, J.A., J.C. Holmes and R.D. Holmes 1978 Sea snakes of the Eastern Gulf of Carpentaria. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 29(3):325-334. (Acuan 78387)
Status IUCN Red List
(Acuan 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
status CITES (Acuan 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
ancaman kepada manusia
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: tidak ada kepentingan
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
Alat, peralatan
informasi lanjut
FisiologiKonsumsi oksigen
Yang berhubungan dengan manusiaPerangko, koin, dll.
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Daya lenting (Ref. 69278): |
Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (K=0.6-0.75) |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Acuan 71543) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100). |
kategori harga (Acuan 80766): |
Unknown. |