Ursus maritimus, Polar bear : fisheries

Ursus maritimus   Phipps, 1774

Polar bear
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Ursus maritimus

Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Mammalia | Carnivora | Ursidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range Ekologi

Bottenlevande.  Polar

Distribution Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Utplanteringar

Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic: Ursus maritimus maritimus: Canada, Northwest Territories, Baffin Island, Greenland, Svalbard, Russia, Labrador, Newfoundland, Quebec, Iceland, Norway; Ursus maritimus marinus: Russia, Beaufort Sea, Alaska, Bering Sea, Kamchatka, Kuril Island, Sea of Okhotsk, Japan (Ref. 1522).

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 250 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 1394); 200 cm TL (female); publicerad maxvikt: 800.0 kg (Ref. 1394); publicerad maxvikt: 800.0 kg

Short description Morfologi

Fur color: white, yellow, grey, or almost brown, depending on season and light conditions; black skin, including nose and lips; plantigrade; claws not retractable.

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

Generally associated with ice, but they have been swimming at sea many kilometers away from the nearest land. Feeds on ringed, bearded, harp and hooded seals, and rarely walruses and white whales; sometimes eat arctic cod and other forms of animal and vegetable matter (Ref. 1394). Generally associated with ice, but they have been swimming at sea many kilometers away from the nearest land. Feeds on ringed, bearded, harp and hooded seals, and rarely walruses and white whales; sometimes eat arctic cod (Ref. 1394), charr, sculpin, and plants (Ref. 81152). They display migration patterns and spend time on the ice for hunting, a positive energy state, and move to their terrestrial habitat, a negative energy state, when the ice melts. Earlier ice break-ups show earlier arrival of polar bears ashore (Ref. 93189).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber. 1993. (Ref. 1394)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

  Sårbar, se IUCNs rödlista (VU) (A3c); Date assessed: 27 August 2015

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fiskeri: kommersiell
FAO - fiskeri: species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Verktyg

E-book | Fälthandbok

Ytterligare information

Trophic Ecology
Food items (preys)
Födosammansättning
Födointag
Predatorer
Ekologi
Ekologi
Population dynamics
Tillväxt
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundans
Life cycle
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Fecundity
Lek
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Distribution
Länder
FAO områden
Ekosystem
Förekomster
Utplanteringar
Physiology
Syreförbrukning
Human Related
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
Medarbetare
Taxonomy
Populärnamn
synonymer
Morfologi
Bilder
referenser
referenser

Internet-källor

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(fiskeri: species profile; publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Go, sök) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Resiliens (Ref. 69278): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (K=0.52-0.78; tm=4.1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): High vulnerability (64 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

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