Mammalia |
Carnivora |
Ursidae
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
居於水底的. Polar
Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic: Ursus maritimus maritimus: Canada, Northwest Territories, Baffin Island, Greenland, Svalbard, Russia, Labrador, Newfoundland, Quebec, Iceland, Norway; Ursus maritimus marinus: Russia, Beaufort Sea, Alaska, Bering Sea, Kamchatka, Kuril Island, Sea of Okhotsk, Japan (Ref. 1522).
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 250 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (參考文獻 1394); 200 cm TL (female); 最大體重: 800.0 kg (參考文獻 1394); 最大體重: 800.0 kg
Fur color: white, yellow, grey, or almost brown, depending on season and light conditions; black skin, including nose and lips; plantigrade; claws not retractable.
Generally associated with ice, but they have been swimming at sea many kilometers away from the nearest land. Feeds on ringed, bearded, harp and hooded seals, and rarely walruses and white whales; sometimes eat arctic cod and other forms of animal and vegetable matter (Ref. 1394). Generally associated with ice, but they have been swimming at sea many kilometers away from the nearest land. Feeds on ringed, bearded, harp and hooded seals, and rarely walruses and white whales; sometimes eat arctic cod (Ref. 1394), charr, sculpin, and plants (Ref. 81152). They display migration patterns and spend time on the ice for hunting, a positive energy state, and move to their terrestrial habitat, a negative energy state, when the ice melts. Earlier ice break-ups show earlier arrival of polar bears ashore (Ref. 93189).
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber 1993 FAO species Identification Guide: Marine Mammals of the World. Rome, FAO. 320 p. + 587 figures. (參考文獻 1394)
IUCN 瀕危狀態
(參考文獻 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
易受傷害 (VU) (A3c); Date assessed: 27 August 2015
CITES狀態 (參考文獻 108899)
對人類具威脅
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
FAO - 漁業: 魚種描繪; Publication: search | FishSource | 周邊海洋
工具
網路資源
基於模型的估計
回復力
(Ref. 69278): |
高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.52-0.78; tm=4.1) |
釣魚的脆弱性
(參考文獻 71543) |
High vulnerability (64 of 100). |
價格種類
(參考文獻 80766): |
Unknown. |
