Phoca vitulina, Harbour seal : fisheries
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Phoca vitulina   Linnaeus, 1758

Harbour seal

Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Phoca vitulina  AquaMaps  Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Phoca vitulina (Harbour seal)
Phoca vitulina
Picture by Ryan, Paddy

分类 / 名称 俗名 | 同种异名 | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Mammalia | Carnivora | Phocidae

环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围 生态学

深海底的.  Temperate; 90°N - 0°S, 180°W - 180°E

分布 Territories | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 简介

Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, the Arctic and North America Inland Waters: Portugal, Iceland, Greenland, Canada Newfoundland, Spain, France, Belgium, Ireland, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden Lithuania, Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Russia, UK, USA, Canada, Mexico, Alaska, Japan, Kamchatka (Ref. 1394), Br Scotland, Madeira, British Columbia, Kuril Island, Sea of Okhotsk, Gulf of California, Baltic Sea, Barents Sea, Hudson Bay (Ref. 1522); Phoca vitulina vitulina: Portugal, UK, Iceland, Greenland, Br Scotland, Norway, Madeira, Baltic Sea, Barents Sea; Phoca vitulina concolor: Canada, Hudson Bay, USA, Greenland, Iceland; Phoca vitulina richardii: Mexico, Alaska, British Columbia, USA, Gulf of California; Phoca vitulina stejnegeri: Japan, Kamchatka, Alaska, Sea of Okhotsk, Kuril Island; Phoca vitulina mellonae: Hudson Bay, James Bay. Temperate to polar regions.

首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

成熟度: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 190 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 1394); 170 cm TL (female); 最大体重: 150.0 kg (参考文献 1394); 最大体重: 150.0 kg

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 附生)

Found in coastal waters of the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 1394); and whelp in groups on beaches, sandbars, and rocky reefs (Ref. 1522). Feeds on a wide variety of fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans of surface, mid-water and benthic habitats (Ref. 1394). It is preyed upon by the great white shark (Ref. 32140). Found in coastal waters of the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 1394); and whelp in groups on beaches, sandbars, and rocky reefs (Ref. 1522). Also for resting, moulting and lactation during low tides. Typically perform U-shaped dives. Leave the coast on foraging trips to deeper offshore waters where prey is abundant (Ref. 96347). Feeds on a wide variety of fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans of surface, mid-water and benthic habitats (Ref. 1394).

生命周期和交配行为 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber 1993 FAO species Identification Guide: Marine Mammals of the World. Rome, FAO. 320 p. + 587 figures. (参考文献 1394)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (参考文献 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 January 2016

引用情况 (参考文献 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (参考文献 116361)

Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements

对人类的威胁

人类利用

渔业: 商业性
FAO - 渔业: 物种外形, landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | 周边海洋

工具

电子书 | 野外调查

更多信息

营养生态学
食物（猎物）
食性组成
食物消耗量
捕食者
生态学
生态学
人口动态
成长
最大年龄/尺寸
长度-重量关系
长短关系
体长-频率
质量转换
丰度
生命周期
繁殖
成熟度
孕卵数
产卵场
卵
卵的发育
仔鱼
分布
Territories
FAO区域
生态系
标本纪录
简介
生理学
耗氧量
与人类有关
邮票、硬币、杂项
外联
合作者
分类学
俗名
同种异名
型态特徵
照片
参考文献
参考文献

网络资源

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO - 渔业: 物种外形, landings search; Publication: search | Fishipedia | GenBank (基因组, 核苷酸) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | 树状分类阶层 | Wikipedia (转至, 搜寻) | 动物学的记录

基于模型的估算

回复力
(Ref. 69278):		 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.09-0.4)
渔业脆弱性
(参考文献 71543)		 High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).
价格分类
(参考文献 80766):		 Unknown.