Phoca vitulina, Harbour seal : fisheries
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Phoca vitulina   Linnaeus, 1758

Harbour seal

Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Phoca vitulina  AquaMaps  Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Phoca vitulina (Harbour seal)
Phoca vitulina
Picture by Ryan, Paddy

分類 / 名稱 俗名 | 同種異名 | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Mammalia | Carnivora | Phocidae

環境: 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍 生態學

深海底的.  Temperate; 90°N - 0°S, 180°W - 180°E

分布 Territories | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 簡介

Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, the Arctic and North America Inland Waters: Portugal, Iceland, Greenland, Canada Newfoundland, Spain, France, Belgium, Ireland, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden Lithuania, Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Russia, UK, USA, Canada, Mexico, Alaska, Japan, Kamchatka (Ref. 1394), Br Scotland, Madeira, British Columbia, Kuril Island, Sea of Okhotsk, Gulf of California, Baltic Sea, Barents Sea, Hudson Bay (Ref. 1522); Phoca vitulina vitulina: Portugal, UK, Iceland, Greenland, Br Scotland, Norway, Madeira, Baltic Sea, Barents Sea; Phoca vitulina concolor: Canada, Hudson Bay, USA, Greenland, Iceland; Phoca vitulina richardii: Mexico, Alaska, British Columbia, USA, Gulf of California; Phoca vitulina stejnegeri: Japan, Kamchatka, Alaska, Sea of Okhotsk, Kuril Island; Phoca vitulina mellonae: Hudson Bay, James Bay. Temperate to polar regions.

初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

成熟度: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 190 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (參考文獻 1394); 170 cm TL (female); 最大體重: 150.0 kg (參考文獻 1394); 最大體重: 150.0 kg

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 附生動物)

Found in coastal waters of the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 1394); and whelp in groups on beaches, sandbars, and rocky reefs (Ref. 1522). Feeds on a wide variety of fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans of surface, mid-water and benthic habitats (Ref. 1394). It is preyed upon by the great white shark (Ref. 32140). Found in coastal waters of the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 1394); and whelp in groups on beaches, sandbars, and rocky reefs (Ref. 1522). Also for resting, moulting and lactation during low tides. Typically perform U-shaped dives. Leave the coast on foraging trips to deeper offshore waters where prey is abundant (Ref. 96347). Feeds on a wide variety of fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans of surface, mid-water and benthic habitats (Ref. 1394).

生命週期和交配行為 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

主要參考資料 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber 1993 FAO species Identification Guide: Marine Mammals of the World. Rome, FAO. 320 p. + 587 figures. (參考文獻 1394)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (參考文獻 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 January 2016

CITES狀態 (參考文獻 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (參考文獻 116361)


對人類具威脅

人類使用

漁業: 商業性
FAO - 漁業: 魚種描繪, landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | 周邊海洋

工具

更多資訊

生態學
人口動態
成長
最大年齡/尺寸
長度重量比
長度關係
長度-頻率
質量轉換
豐度
生命週期
繁殖
成熟度
孕卵數
產卵場

卵發育
仔魚
分布
生理學
耗氧量
人類相關
郵票、錢幣、雜項
外展服務
分類學
參考文獻

網路資源

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO - 漁業: 魚種描繪, landings search; Publication: search | Fishipedia | GenBank (基因組, 核甘) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | 樹狀分類階層 | Wikipedia (, 搜尋) | 動物學的記錄

基於模型的估計

回復力
(Ref. 69278):
中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.09-0.4)
釣魚的脆弱性
(參考文獻 71543)
High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).
價格種類
(參考文獻 80766):
Unknown.