Holothuroidea |
Holothuriida |
Holothuriidae
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 30 m (參考文獻 122). Tropical
Indo-Pacific, excluding the Persian Gulf and Hawaii.
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (參考文獻 122); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (參考文獻 122); 最大體重: 1.3 kg (參考文獻 122)
Mean live weight 700 to 1,300 g; body-wall thickness 0.4 cm. Body sub cylindrical, arched dorsally (bivium) and slightly flattened ventrally (trivium). White conical papillae sparsely distributed on bivium; podia on trivium long and large, their calcareous disc around 240 micrometer in diameter. Mouth ventral, surrounded by 25 large, black brown dots and numerous small black spots; trivium grey, also with small black spots. Spicules on dorsal and ventral tegument with pseudo-tables and rosettes; pseudo-tables consisting of large base with a large hole, and a spiny spire; rosettes numerous, those in the tegument simple, but more complicated in the dorsal papillae and ventral podia; also present around anus are rods, small plates, and tables with very spiny crown; tentacles containing a few rods and large plates derived from rosettes.
Maximum depth from Ref. 85218. Not harvested for bêche-de-mer production (Ref. 122). A coral reef species rarely found in depths of more than 25 m; mostly found on reef slopes close to the coast (Ref. 122, 85218); abundant on corals mixed with calcareous red algae. Population densities generally less than 0.005 per square meter (Ref. 122). In times of considerable irritation, this animal ejects Cuvierian tubules (Ref. 85218). Feeds on the surface of coral colonies and sponges (Ref. 101700).
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Members of the class Holothuroidea are gonochoric and have only one gonad. Spawning and fertilization are both external and some exhibit brooding. Life cycle: Embryos develop into planktotrophic larvae (auricularia) then into doliolaria (barrel-shaped stage) which later metamorphose into juvenile sea cucumbers.
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Conand, C. 1998 Holothurians (sea cucumbers, Class Holothuroidea). p. 1157-1190. In Carpenter, K.E. and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 2. Cephalopods, crustaceans, holothurians and sharks. FAO Rome. (參考文獻 122)
IUCN 瀕危狀態
(參考文獻 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 May 2010
CITES狀態 (參考文獻 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
Harmless
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
工具
網路資源
基於模型的估計
回復力
(Ref. 69278): |
中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.17) |
釣魚的脆弱性
(參考文獻 71543) |
Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100). |
價格種類
(參考文獻 80766): |
Unknown. |
