Holothuroidea |
Holothuriida |
Holothuriidae
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 25 m (参考文献 122). Tropical; 31°N - 32°S, 32°E - 173°W
Indo-Pacific: in the tropical Indian Ocean known only from Madagascar; in the tropical Pacific, in the west from Australia and Sulawesi eastwards to Mariana Islands, Palau and New Caledonia.
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ?, range 35 - ? cm Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 122); common length : 36.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 122); 最大体重: 4.5 kg (参考文献 122)
Mean live weight. 1500 to 4,500 g; body-wall thickness 1 cm. Body sub oval, stout, firma and rigid, arched dorsally (bivium) and flattened ventrally (trivium); bivium with characteristic brown wrinkles. Podia on bivium small, brown, with a disc of around 200 micrometer diameter; podia on trivium more densely distributed on the median radius and more sparsely distributed on the outer radii and interradii, with their calcareous disc around 300 micrometer in diameter. Mouth ventral, with 20 brown, stout tentacles. Anus surrounded by 5 radial groups of 3 or 4 papillae and a black band. Calcareous ring with large radial pieces and narrower interradials. Cuvierian tubules absent. Cloaca large and black. Bivium golden brown, with numerous brown spots; trivium whitish; mature gonads bright yellow. Spicules in form of tables and buttons; tables of dorsal and ventral tegument similar in shape and moderately sparse, disc small, irregular, with 4 to 6 irregular holes, supporting a short spire, ending in an irregular row of smooth spines; ventral-tegument buttons elongated ellipsoids, with 12 to 16 holes and median nodules; dorsal-tegument buttons generally more regular and less perforated; ventral and dorsal podia with large plates, multiperforated and indentated; tentacles containing both large very spiny rods and short nodose rods.
Occasionally harvested by artisanal fisheries throughout the tropical Indian Ocean; collected by skin diving or using diving gear (if not banned), making the populations very vulnerable, due to over exploitation. The processed product is of minor commercial value. Commonly found in reef slopes and lagoons, also seen in shallow seagrass beds; mostly in depths of less than 25 m (Ref. 122). Generally found on coarse sand or coral rubble (Ref. 92930). Population densities around 0.005 per square meter. Grazes on organic material (Ref. 800).
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Sexual reproduction takes place during the warm season. A species with low potential fecundity and late sexual maturity.
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Conand, C. 1998 Holothurians (sea cucumbers, Class Holothuroidea). p. 1157-1190. In Carpenter, K.E. and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 2. Cephalopods, crustaceans, holothurians and sharks. FAO Rome. (参考文献 122)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书
(参考文献 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
Harmless
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
工具
网络资源
基于模型的估算
渔业脆弱性
(参考文献 71543) |
High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100). |
价格分类
(参考文献 80766): |
Unknown. |
