Holothuroidea |
Holothuriida |
Holothuriidae
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 25 m (參考文獻 122). Tropical; 31°N - 32°S, 32°E - 173°W
Indo-Pacific: in the tropical Indian Ocean known only from Madagascar; in the tropical Pacific, in the west from Australia and Sulawesi eastwards to Mariana Islands, Palau and New Caledonia.
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?, range 35 - ? cm Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (參考文獻 122); common length : 36.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (參考文獻 122); 最大體重: 4.5 kg (參考文獻 122)
Mean live weight. 1500 to 4,500 g; body-wall thickness 1 cm. Body sub oval, stout, firma and rigid, arched dorsally (bivium) and flattened ventrally (trivium); bivium with characteristic brown wrinkles. Podia on bivium small, brown, with a disc of around 200 micrometer diameter; podia on trivium more densely distributed on the median radius and more sparsely distributed on the outer radii and interradii, with their calcareous disc around 300 micrometer in diameter. Mouth ventral, with 20 brown, stout tentacles. Anus surrounded by 5 radial groups of 3 or 4 papillae and a black band. Calcareous ring with large radial pieces and narrower interradials. Cuvierian tubules absent. Cloaca large and black. Bivium golden brown, with numerous brown spots; trivium whitish; mature gonads bright yellow. Spicules in form of tables and buttons; tables of dorsal and ventral tegument similar in shape and moderately sparse, disc small, irregular, with 4 to 6 irregular holes, supporting a short spire, ending in an irregular row of smooth spines; ventral-tegument buttons elongated ellipsoids, with 12 to 16 holes and median nodules; dorsal-tegument buttons generally more regular and less perforated; ventral and dorsal podia with large plates, multiperforated and indentated; tentacles containing both large very spiny rods and short nodose rods.
Occasionally harvested by artisanal fisheries throughout the tropical Indian Ocean; collected by skin diving or using diving gear (if not banned), making the populations very vulnerable, due to over exploitation. The processed product is of minor commercial value. Commonly found in reef slopes and lagoons, also seen in shallow seagrass beds; mostly in depths of less than 25 m (Ref. 122). Generally found on coarse sand or coral rubble (Ref. 92930). Population densities around 0.005 per square meter. Grazes on organic material (Ref. 800).
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Sexual reproduction takes place during the warm season. A species with low potential fecundity and late sexual maturity.
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Conand, C. 1998 Holothurians (sea cucumbers, Class Holothuroidea). p. 1157-1190. In Carpenter, K.E. and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 2. Cephalopods, crustaceans, holothurians and sharks. FAO Rome. (參考文獻 122)
IUCN 瀕危狀態
(參考文獻 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 May 2010
CITES狀態 (參考文獻 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
Harmless
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
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更多資訊
營養生態學食物項目（獵物）
食性組成
食物消耗量
捕食者
網路資源
基於模型的估計
釣魚的脆弱性
(參考文獻 71543) |
High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100). |
價格種類
(參考文獻 80766): |
Unknown. |
