Eschrichtius robustus, Gray whale : fisheries
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Eschrichtius robustus   (Lilljeborg, 1861)

Gray whale

Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Eschrichtius robustus  AquaMaps  Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Eschrichtius robustus (Gray whale)
Eschrichtius robustus
Picture by Aquino, Maria Theresa

分类 / 名称 俗名 | 同种异名 | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Mammalia | Cetartiodactyla | Eschrichtiidae

环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围 生态学

大洋性; 海洋洄游的 (参考文献 75906); 深度上下限 1 - 2500 m, usually 30 - 500 m.  Tropical; 90°N - 0°S, 115°E - 105°W

分布 Territories | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 简介

Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic: Extinct in North Atlantic; two populations in North Pacific. Tropical to polar. [western population: IUCN 2010 (Ref. 84930): CR, C2a(ii);E.]

首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

成熟度: Lm 1,220.0  range ? - ? cm Max length : 1,500 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 1394); 最大体重: 35.0 t (参考文献 1394); 最大年龄: 48 年 (参考文献 128170)

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 附生)

Lives within a few tens of kilometers of shore. Bottom feeders that feed primarily on swarming mysids and tube-dwelling amphipods in the northern parts of their range, but are also known to take red crabs, baitfish, and other food opportunistically. The North Atlantic stock was apparently wiped-out by whalers in the 18th century. A western North Pacific (Korean) stock may also have been extirpated in the mid 20th century; its continued existence as a small remnant is still debated. The eastern North Pacific (California-Chukotka) stock nearly suffered the same fate twice, once in the late 1800s and again in the early 1900s. Both times, a respite in commercial whaling allowed the population to recover. About 170 to 200 from this latter stock are killed annually under special permit by commercial whalers on behalf of Soviet aborigines, and one or a few are taken in some years by Alaskan Eskimos. Since receiving IWC protection in 1946 and the end of research harvests in the late 1960s this population has increased, and now apparently equals or exceeds pre-exploitation numbers (Ref. 1394). Lives within a few tens of kilometers of shore. Bottom feeders that feed primarily on swarming mysids and tube-dwelling amphipods in the northern parts of their range, but are also known to take red crabs, baitfish, and other food opportunistically (Ref. 1394).

生命周期和交配行为 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber 1993 FAO species Identification Guide: Marine Mammals of the World. Rome, FAO. 320 p. + 587 figures. (参考文献 1394)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (参考文献 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 December 2017

引用情况 (参考文献 108899)

Appendix I: International trade banned

CMS (参考文献 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

人类利用

渔业: 商业性
FAO - 渔业: 物种外形, landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | 周边海洋

工具

电子书 | 野外调查

更多信息

营养生态学
食物（猎物）
食性组成
食物消耗量
捕食者
生态学
生态学
人口动态
成长
最大年龄/尺寸
长度-重量关系
长短关系
体长-频率
质量转换
丰度
生命周期
繁殖
成熟度
孕卵数
产卵场
卵
卵的发育
仔鱼
分布
Territories
FAO区域
生态系
标本纪录
简介
生理学
耗氧量
与人类有关
邮票、硬币、杂项
外联
合作者
分类学
俗名
同种异名
型态特徵
照片
参考文献
参考文献

网络资源

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO - 渔业: 物种外形, landings search; Publication: search | Fishipedia | GenBank (基因组, 核苷酸) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | 树状分类阶层 | Wikipedia (转至, 搜寻) | 动物学的记录

基于模型的估算

回复力
(Ref. 69278):		 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.19-0.25; tm=8; tmax=48)
渔业脆弱性
(参考文献 71543)		 Very high vulnerability (79 of 100).
价格分类
(参考文献 80766):		 Unknown.