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Eschrichtius robustus (Lilljeborg, 1861)
Gray whale| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Eschrichtius robustus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS
Mammalia | Cetartiodactyla | Eschrichtiidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range Οικολογία
Πελαγικό(ά); ωκεανόδρομο(ς) (Αναφ. 75906); εύρος βάθους 1 - 2500 m, usually 30 - 500 m. Tropical; 90°N - 0°S, 115°E - 105°W
Distribution Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Εισαγωγές
Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic: Extinct in North Atlantic; two populations in North Pacific. Tropical to polar. [western population: IUCN 2010 (Ref. 84930): CR, C2a(ii);E.]
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Weight / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm 1,220.0 range ? - ? cm Max length : 1,500 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Αναφ. 1394); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 35.0 t (Αναφ. 1394); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 48 έτη (Αναφ. 128170)
Lives within a few tens of kilometers of shore. Bottom feeders that feed primarily on swarming mysids and tube-dwelling amphipods in the northern parts of their range, but are also known to take red crabs, baitfish, and other food opportunistically. The North Atlantic stock was apparently wiped-out by whalers in the 18th century. A western North Pacific (Korean) stock may also have been extirpated in the mid 20th century; its continued existence as a small remnant is still debated. The eastern North Pacific (California-Chukotka) stock nearly suffered the same fate twice, once in the late 1800s and again in the early 1900s. Both times, a respite in commercial whaling allowed the population to recover. About 170 to 200 from this latter stock are killed annually under special permit by commercial whalers on behalf of Soviet aborigines, and one or a few are taken in some years by Alaskan Eskimos. Since receiving IWC protection in 1946 and the end of research harvests in the late 1960s this population has increased, and now apparently equals or exceeds pre-exploitation numbers (Ref. 1394). Lives within a few tens of kilometers of shore. Bottom feeders that feed primarily on swarming mysids and tube-dwelling amphipods in the northern parts of their range, but are also known to take red crabs, baitfish, and other food opportunistically (Ref. 1394).
Life cycle and mating behavior Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Eggs | Γονιμότητα | Larvae
Main reference
Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες
Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber 1993 FAO species Identification Guide: Marine Mammals of the World. Rome, FAO. 320 p. + 587 figures. (Αναφ. 1394)
IUCN Red List Status
(Αναφ. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 December 2017
CITES status (Αναφ. 108899)
Appendix I: International trade banned
CMS (Αναφ. 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά)
FAO - αλιεία: landings, species profile | FishSource | Η θάλασσα γύρω μας
Εργαλεία
Περισσότερες πληροφορίες
Τροφική Οικολογία
Οικολογία
Population dynamics
Life cycle
Distribution
Physiology
Κατανάλωση οξυγόνου
Human Related
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Taxonomy
Αναφορές
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(αλιεία: species profile; publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Δέντρο Ζωής | Wikipedia (Go, αναζήτηση) | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref. 115969): 0.4 - 17.3, mean 3.5 (based on 1706 cells).
Ελαστικότητα
(Ref. 69278):
Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.19-0.25; tm=8; tmax=48).
Price category
(Αναφ. 80766):
Unknown.