Cephalopoda |
Oegopsida |
Ommastrephidae | Ommastrephinae
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
大洋性; 海洋洄游的 (参考文献 87829); 深度上下限 0 - 2000 m (参考文献 138555). Tropical; 4°C - 32°C (参考文献 1982), preferred 26°C (参考文献 107945); 60°N - 57°S, 169°W - 70°W
Eastern Pacific. From south of Bering Strait to Gulf of Alaska, east to Gulf of California and south to Chile. Tropical to boreal.
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 29.7 range ? - ? cm Max length : 400 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 275); common length : 80.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 275); 最大体重: 3.0 kg (参考文献 275)
Common total length: 50 to 80 cm. Caught by jigs (Ref. 275). Maximum total length is 4 m. Common length is about 50 to 80cm (Ref. 3722). Are considered as one of the straddling stocks in the eastern central Pacific (Ref. 87829). Inhabits offshore areas of continental shelves from surface to depths of at least 1200 m. Found over the shelves and near shores during feeding. Adults undergo diel vertical migrations with a night lift to the 0-200 m water layer, going down at daytime to depths of 800-1,000 m and deeper (Ref. 2130). Upper temperature limits range from 30 to 32°C in equatorial areas, while deeper water temperature limits are not less than 4 to 4.5°C. Active predator, feeds actively at dusk and dawn. Commonly feeds on copepods, hyperiid amphipods, euphausiids, pelagic shrimps and red crabs (Pleuroncodes planipes), heteropod mollusks, squid, octopods and various fish. Exhibits cannibalism, but only on juvenile squids (Ref. 1982). Its range extension off central California led to the decline of Merluccius productus (Ref. 138555).
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 3. Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(3):277p. Rome: FAO. (参考文献 275)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书
(参考文献 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
FAO - 渔业: 物种外形, landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | 周边海洋
工具
网络资源
基于模型的估算
回复力
(Ref. 69278): |
高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.17-1.2; tm=0.53) |
Rate of population increase
|
Prior r = 1.19, 95% CL = 0.79 - 1.79, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments. |
渔业脆弱性
(参考文献 71543) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100). |
气候脆弱性
(参考文献 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100) |
价格分类
(参考文献 80766): |
Low. |
Nutrients
|
Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |
