Malacostraca |
Decapoda |
Astacidae
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
Benthic; 淡水. Temperate
Europe inland waters: northern and eastern Europe, including portions of France eastward to countries of the Russian Commonwealth and southern Scandinavia southward. Absent from the Italian and Balkan Peninsulas. Introduced to various parts of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa.
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (參考文獻 127977)
Typically brown or green on the back, underside of first pair of claws dark red or reddish brown.
First crayfish species to be described in 1758; important species in European fisheries for centuries. Occurs in a wide variety of habitats, from streams and rivers to lakes, usually in well-oxygenated waters with sufficient foliage cover. An opportunistic feeder on living and dead plant and animal matter. Mating usually in autumn, eggs are carried over winter and hatching occurs in spring and summer. Most native European populations were decimated by the crayfish plague, first detected in Italy in the 1860s. Introduced North American spinycheek crayfish, Orconectes limosus (to replace stocks of decimated population of noble crayfish in the Oder River, Germany in 1890) and other introduced crayfish species competing with and displacing native noble crayfish populations coupled with habitat destruction and pollution contributed to the decline in noble crayfish populations in Europe. Protected under the European Union Habitats Directive (Ref. 80793). Occurs in a wide variety of habitats, from streams and rivers to lakes, usually in well-oxygenated waters with sufficient foliage cover (daytime retreat under rocky or woody debris and dense foliage); also burrows on stream banks. An opportunistic feeder on living and dead plant and animal matter. Living aquatic insects, crustaceans, worms, sponges, bryozoans and mollusks are preferred with the crayfish crushing prey with their lower jaws. Birds, mammals and fish prey on the noble crayfish (Ref. 80788).
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Hildyard, A. and M. Cavendish 2001 Endangered Wildlife and Plants of the World. Marshall Cavendish Corporation, NY, USA. 1872 p. (參考文獻 80788)
IUCN 瀕危狀態
(參考文獻 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
CITES狀態 (參考文獻 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
Harmless
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 實驗的
FAO - Aquaculture Systems: production search漁業: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | 周邊海洋
工具
網路資源
基於模型的估計
釣魚的脆弱性
(參考文獻 71543) |
Low vulnerability (15 of 100). |
價格種類
(參考文獻 80766): |
Unknown. |
