Malacostraca |
Decapoda |
Penaeidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Benthic; brackish; depth range 0 - 119 m (Ref. 356). Subtropical, preferred 24°C (Ref. 107945); 41°N - 18°N, 98°W - 73°W
Western Atlantic: from Tamaulipas and Yucatan, Mexico to Florida, north to New York, USA.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 17 - ? cm Max length : 22.4 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 109188); 20 cm TL (female); max. reported age: 2.00 years (Ref. 109223)
Maximum total length of unsexed and female from Ref. 88'>109188 and Ref. 8, respectively. Maximum standard length: 19.0 cm. Maximum depth from Ref. 108758. Occurs at depths from 2 to 90 m in bottom mud or peat with sand or clay in marine (adults) and estuarine (juveniles) environments. Temperate to tropical climates (Ref. 8). Migrates to deeper areas within estuaries as it grows. Juveniles are also found across vegetated marsh edge, oyster reefs, and oyster shell deposits and non-vegetated bottom (Ref. 106898). Regularly uses vegetated intertidal marshes when the habitat is tidally inundated. Omnivore, feeds on live and dead plant and animal matter, including detritus (Ref. 67681) but also an epibenthic predator, feeding on small crustaceans, bivalves, polychaetes and oligochaetes (Ref. 108790).
Life cycle: Eggs hatch into planktonic nauplii. The larvae undergo five nauplial, three protozoeal, and three mysis stages; then into two postlarval stages (Refs. 254, 79469). Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833). Copulation occurs when the male attached its spermatophore to the thelycum of the female (Ref. 109188). Spawning may occur once or up to four times (Ref. 109189).
Holthuis, L.B. 1980 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 1. Shrimps and prawns of the world. An annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(1):271 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 8)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: experimental
FAO - Aquaculture Systems: production searchFisheries: species profile, landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Tools
More information
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Resilience
(Ref. 69278): |
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=1.25-9.8; tmax=2) |
Rate of population increase
|
Prior r = 0.53, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.80, Based on 2 full stock assessments. |
Fishing Vulnerability
(Ref. 71543) |
Low vulnerability (11 of 100). |
Climate Vulnerability
(Ref. 125649) |
High vulnerability (62 of 100) |
Price category
(Ref. 80766): |
Very high. |
Nutrients
|
Calcium = 109 [35, 184] mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386] g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |
