Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Cephalopoda | Oegopsida | Ommastrephidae | Ommastrephinae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Pelagic; depth range 0 - 1200 m (Ref. 1982). Tropical; 4°C - 32°C (Ref. 1982), preferred 26°C (Ref. 107945); 60°N - 53°S, 169°W - 70°W

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Eastern Pacific. From south of Bering Strait to Gulf of Alaska, east to Gulf of California and south to Chile. Tropical to boreal.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 29.7 range ? - ? cm Max length : 400 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 275); common length : 80.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 275); max. published weight: 3.0 kg (Ref. 275)

Common total length: 50 to 80 cm. Caught by jigs (Ref. 275). Maximum total length is 4 m. Common length is about 50 to 80cm (Ref. 3722). Inhabits offshore areas of continental shelves from surface to depths of at least 1200 m. Found over the shelves and near shores during feeding. Adults undergo diel vertical migrations with a night lift to the 0-200 m water layer, going down at daytime to depths of 800-1,000 m and deeper (Ref. 2130). Upper temperature limits range from 30 to 32°C in equatorial areas, while deeper water temperature limits are not less than 4 to 4.5°C. Active predator, feeds actively at dusk and dawn. Commonly feeds on copepods, hyperiid amphipods, euphausiids, pelagic shrimps and red crabs (Pleuroncodes planipes), heteropod molluscs, squid, octopods and various fish. Exhibits cannibalism, but only on juvenile squids (Ref. 1982).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen. 1984. (Ref. 275)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 05 May 2010

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Tools

E-book | Field guide

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items

Common names
Synonyms
Predators
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Morphology
Larvae
Abundance

References
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7.8 - 13.8, mean 10.8 (based on 88 cells).

Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.17-1.2; tm=0.53).

Prior r = 1.19, 95% CL = 0.79 - 1.79, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Nutrients: Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight).

Dosidicus gigas (D'Orbigny, 1835)