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Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan, 1763
Arctic tern
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Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS
Aves | Charadriiformes | Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology
Others. Tropical; 83°N - 86°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 124582)
Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions
Circumglobal. Tropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 38.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8812); max. published weight: 110.00 g (Ref. 356)
Short description Morphology
Culmen: 3.35 cm; tarsus: 1.69 cm; wing: 27.0 cm.
Total Length: 33 to 38 cm; Wingspan: 79 to 81 cm (Ref. 8812). Coastal (Ref. 356), found in the beach, shoreline, and pelagic zone (Ref. 116102). Displays surface plunging and dipping (Ref. 356). "Erect" and "sky-pointing" display as an appeasement posture during nesting and in pairing. High level of territorial aggression during pre-incubation and hatching periods. European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and Ruddy Turnstones (Arenaria interpres) feed on its eggs. Colonial behavior as an anti-predatory tactic by confusing or intimidating its predator. Ruddy Turnstones (A. interpres) steal fish delivered by parents of young birds in colonial nesting sites. Surface feeder. Moves across the great distance from the polar northern hemisphere to the southern polar region to feed after the breeding season; when feeding, tend to spread out pelagically instead of in groups. 1988 La Niña event linked to fledging failure on Mousa Island off Scotland (Ref. 87784).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Main reference
References | Coordinator | Collaborators
Lepage, D. 2007. (Ref. 7816)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 August 2018
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Ref. 116361)
Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements
Threat to humans
Human uses
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More information
Trophic Ecology
Ecology
Population dynamics
Growth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Distribution
Physiology
Oxygen consumption
Human Related
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
References
Internet sources
BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Go, Search) | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref. 115969): 0.4 - 13.3, mean 6.8 (based on 2468 cells).
Resilience
(Ref. 69278):
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=67.24-75.43).
Price category
(Ref. 80766):
Unknown.