Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
環境：環境 / 気候帯 / 深さの範囲 / 分布範囲
生態学
Others. Tropical; 83°N - 86°S, 180°W - 180°E (参照 124582)
Circumglobal. Tropical to polar.
初回成熟時の長さ / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
成熟: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 38.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (参照 8812); 最大公表体重: 110.00 g (参照 356)
Culmen: 3.35 cm; tarsus: 1.69 cm; wing: 27.0 cm.
Total Length: 33 to 38 cm; Wingspan: 79 to 81 cm (Ref. 8812). Coastal (Ref. 356), found in the beach, shoreline, and pelagic zone (Ref. 116102). Displays surface plunging and dipping (Ref. 356). "Erect" and "sky-pointing" display as an appeasement posture during nesting and in pairing. High level of territorial aggression during pre-incubation and hatching periods. European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and Ruddy Turnstones (Arenaria interpres) feed on its eggs. Colonial behavior as an anti-predatory tactic by confusing or intimidating its predator. Ruddy Turnstones (A. interpres) steal fish delivered by parents of young birds in colonial nesting sites. Surface feeder. Moves across the great distance from the polar northern hemisphere to the southern polar region to feed after the breeding season; when feeding, tend to spread out pelagically instead of in groups. 1988 La Niña event linked to fledging failure on Mousa Island off Scotland (Ref. 87784).
ライフサイクルと交尾行動
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
主な参考文献
参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者
Lepage, D. 2007 Avibase -the World Bird Database. http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp [accessed 09/07/2007]. (参照 7816)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は
(参照 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ワシントン条約ステータス (参照 108899)
Not Evaluated
人間に対する脅威
人間の用途
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
用具
インターネットの情報源
モデルに基づく推定値
回復力
(Ref. 69278): |
高い, １５か月以下の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=67.24-75.43) |
漁業の脆弱性
(参照 71543) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100). |
価格帯
(参照 80766): |
Unknown. |
