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Panulirus - Species in
Palinuridae - - Classification -
- Palinuridae
- Decapoda
- Malacostraca
- Chordata
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Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791)
Pronghorn spiny lobster| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Panulirus penicillatus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS
Malacostraca | Decapoda | Palinuridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range Οικολογία
; εύρος βάθους 0 - 200 m (Αναφ. 96667). Tropical; 46°N - 39°S, 30°E - 85°W (Αναφ. 108742)
Distribution Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Εισαγωγές
Indo-Pacific.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Weight / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ?, range 5 - 4.99 cm Max length : 40.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Αναφ. 4); common length : 30.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Αναφ. 4)
It has lengths of 40 cm, maximum total body length; 30 cm, average adult length; Males are usually larger than females (Ref. 4). Maximum depth from Ref. 105425. Occurs at a depth range of 1 to 4 m on rocky substrates. It is usually found in clear waters often in surf zones and in surge channels; often near arid coasts and on small islands. The species is not gregarious and is nocturnal, hiding in the daytime in crevices in the rocks and coral reefs (Ref. 4) and moving at night to surge channels at the reef edge and into shallow reef flats (Ref. 84816). Primarily inhabits outer reef slopes (Refs. 84816, 106196). On rocky subtidal zone. Found in groups of more than 20 in submerged caves and lava tunnels during the day (Ref. 106199). In general, palinurids are mainly carnivores, usually feeding upon sluggish, easily captured animals where most material is eaten alive or freshly killed (Ref. 105260). Associated with a pedunculate barnacle (Ref. 105259).
Life cycle and mating behavior Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Eggs | Γονιμότητα | Larvae
Brood and pelagic duration lasts 1 month (Ref. 81135) and 7.5 months (Ref. 81163), respectively. Also Refs. 81118, 106193.
Main reference
Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες
Holthuis, L.B. 1991 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 13. Marine lobsters of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(13):292p. Rome: FAO. (Αναφ. 4)
IUCN Red List Status
(Αναφ. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 03 December 2009
CITES status (Αναφ. 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Αναφ. 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
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Human Related
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Taxonomy
Αναφορές
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Δέντρο Ζωής | Wikipedia (Go, αναζήτηση) | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref. 115969): 20.1 - 28.3, mean 26.7 (based on 1251 cells).
Ελαστικότητα
(Ref. 69278):
Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (K=0.13-0.58).
Prior r = 1.18, 95% CL = 0.78 - 1.77, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Nutrients : Calcium = 109 [35, 184] mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386] g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.