Bivalvia |
Cardiida |
Cardiidae
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
Benthic; 深度上下限 0 - 35 m (參考文獻 75831). Tropical; 23°C - 30°C (參考文獻 102835); 38°N - 29°S, 92°E - 178°W
Indo-Pacific: from Myanmar then east to Wallis and Futuna, north to Japan and south to western Australia. Introduced beyond Wallis and Futuna in the Pacific.
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?, range 25 - 35 cm Max length : 137 cm SHL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (參考文獻 99323); common length : 80.0 cm SHL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (參考文獻 348); 最大體重: 500.0 kg (參考文獻 81839)
It is white and fan-shaped with deep radiating ribs.
Known to be the largest bivalve mollusks that exist. Exploited for its meat and shell, this species has recently become nearly extinct within an important part of its range, due to over collecting. Trials of aquaculture under progress for the restocking of reefs and local farming (Ref. 348). Facultative planktotroph. It has an established symbiotic relationship with a dinoflagellate algae (zooxanthellae) which allows them to survive. It ingests the algae at an early stage and the latter propagates in the gut (Ref. 100719).
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Becomes simultaneous hermaphrodite in its later years. Spawning is seasonal, based on its northern and southern limits of distribution (Ref. 100714).
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
SAUP Database 2006 SAUP Database. www.seaaroundus.org. (參考文獻 356)
IUCN 瀕危狀態
(參考文獻 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
極危 (CR) (A2acd); Date assessed: 23 May 2024
CITES狀態 (參考文獻 108899)
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性
FAO - Aquaculture Systems: production search; Publication: search | FishSource | 周邊海洋
工具
網路資源
基於模型的估計
回復力
(Ref. 69278): |
低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.07-0.2) |
釣魚的脆弱性
(參考文獻 71543) |
High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100). |
價格種類
(參考文獻 80766): |
Unknown. |
Nutrients
|
Calcium = 149 [71, 228] mg/100g; Iron = 8.53 [1.95, 15.11] mg/100g; Protein = 9.88 [8.64, 11.12] %; Omega3 = 0.313 [0.202, 0.423] g/100g; Selenium = 61 [50, 72] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 2.04 [0.56, 3.51] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |
