Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
Others; 淡水; 半咸淡水. Tropical
Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean. Tropical to polar.
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 94965); 最大体重: 1.0 kg (参考文献 356)
Culmen: 5.76 cm; wing: 42.3 cm.
Total Length: 61 to 68 cm; Wingspan: 132 to 137 cm (Ref. 8812). Occupies the continental shelf; <300 km (Ref. 356). Ground nesting species. Nests on grassy areas or slopes. When spotting threat, adults give out alarm calls to warn chicks who respond by moving to a nearby hiding place (Ref. 87784). Displays dipping and surface-plunging behavior (Ref. 356).
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Laying of third egg which is variably smaller than the first two eggs in the same clutch is correlated to the facilitation of brood reduction (when beneficial) and sex-biased investment decisions, i.e., hormonally-mediated female reproductive recrudescence (Ref. 95045).
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
SAUP Database 2006 SAUP Database. www.seaaroundus.org. (参考文献 356)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书
(参考文献 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
人类利用
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
工具
网络资源
基于模型的估算
回复力
(Ref. 69278): |
高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=16.65) |
渔业脆弱性
(参考文献 71543) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100). |
价格分类
(参考文献 80766): |
Unknown. |
