Cephalopoda |
Oegopsida |
Ommastrephidae | Illicinae
Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
Pelagic-oceanic; distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 1000 m (Fonte Biblio. 417), usually 100 - 600 m (Fonte Biblio. 2464). Subtropical, preferred 21°C (Fonte Biblio. 107945); 61°N - 20°S, 98°W - 36°E (Fonte Biblio. 275)
Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean.
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm 20.7 range ? - ? cm Max length : 28.0 cm ML maschio/sesso non determinato; (Fonte Biblio. 104052); 38 cm ML (female); Età massima riportata: 1.00 anni (Fonte Biblio. 2450)
Eggs range from 0.08 to 0.13 cm (Ref. 2465). Egg jelly completely transparent and egg chorion swells as embryo develops reaching a diameter of about 0.2 cm during hatching. Paralarvae reach a mantle length of 0.14 cm (Ref. 2462).
Paralarvae: No ocular or visceral photophores; suckers on proboscis tip equal in size; proboscis length characteristically 50 to 75% mantle length; proboscis division begins at 0.4 cm mantle length and is completed at 10 cm mantle length. Juveniles and adults: Arms with 2 rows of suckers. Tentacular club with 8 transverse rows of minute subequal suckers. Largest sucker rings on manus of club are notched, forming low, truncate to bluntly rounded crenulations in distal half or throughout.; not smooth. Tentacular fixing apparatus weakly developed. Left or right male ventral arm hectocotylized with modified length ranging from 15 to 33% of arm length, distal trabeculae modified to papillose flaps. Length of suckerless base of hectocotylized arm is about 13% of total length of arm. Head-width index high, 23 (19-26) in mature males and 19 (15-22) in mature females. Lower beak with long and strong jaw edge; upper beak with long and strong hood. Funnel cartilage is T-shaped and inversed. Fins are rhomboid, width range from 45 to 60% of the mantle length. Mantle width 15 to 25% of mantle length. Funnel groove without foveola or lateral pockets (Ref. 275).
Females grow larger than males (Ref. 3722). Neritic, oceanic (Ref. 91956). Inhabits muddy, sandy and detritic bottoms covered with Funiculina spp. (Ref. 2453) in middle and lower sub-littoral and upper bathyal zones in temperate latitudes. In general, juveniles and adults share the same depth range throughout the year; many large individuals can be found in deeper waters (Ref. 64257). Performs diel vertical movements (Ref. 275) as well as seasonal migrations (Ref. 64257). Opportunistic predator (Ref. 2450, 64257), feeding on the most abundant prey available, even consuming tunicates (Ref. 64257). Mainly feeds on fish, crustaceans and cephalopods (Refs. 2450, 64257). Comes very close to the seabed but was observed to mainly feed on prey swimming off the bottom (Ref. 64257). Exhibits cannibalism (Ref. 2482).
Ciclo vitale e comportamento di accoppiamento
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecondità | Larve
Mature eggs in ovary and oviducts range between 50,000 and 200,000 (Ref. 2464). Number and length of spermatophores increase with size of animal, number varying from 81 to 1,555 and mantle length between 1.4 and 3.8 cm. Fecundity varies in animal size (Ref. 2451). Embryonic development takes about 10 to 14 days at 15°C (Ref. 2466). Juveniles are active swimmers, exhibiting gentle jet propulsion typical of planktonic cephalopod paralarvae, maintaining a head down and oblique position (Ref. 2462). Intermittent spawner lasting from a few days to a few weeks (Ref. 2467). Spawning occurs all year with seasonal peaks varying widely with areas and seasons. Sex ratio is 1:1 (Ref. 2450).
Piatkowski, U. 2006 Illex coindetii. Broadtail shortfin squid. Life history species review. CEPHSTOCK: Cephalopod Stocks in European Waters. Review, Analysis, Assessment and Sustainable Management. 20 p. (Fonte Biblio. 2450)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN
(Fonte Biblio. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Stato della CITES (Fonte Biblio. 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Fonte Biblio. 116361)
Not Evaluated
Minaccia per l'uomo
Usi umani
Pesca: commerciale
FAO - pesca: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Strumenti
Informazioni ulteriori
Dinamica della popolazione FisiologiaConsumo di ossigeno
Legato all'uomoFrancobolli, monete, materiale vario.
Fonti Internet
Stime basate su modelli
Resilienza
(Ref. 69278): |
Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (K=0.2-0.21; tm=0.6; tmax=1) |
Rate of population increase
|
Prior r = 0.61, 95% CL = 0.40 - 0.91, Based on 3 full stock assessments. |
Vulnerabilità della pesca
(Fonte Biblio. 71543) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100). |
Vulnerabilità climatica
(Fonte Biblio. 125649) |
(0 of 100) |
Categoria di prezzo
(Fonte Biblio. 80766): |
Very high. |
Nutrients
|
Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |
