Ascidiacea |
Aplousobranchia |
Holozoidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Sessile; depth range 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 3435). Polar
Southwest Atlantic, Southeast Pacific and the Antarctic: From Antarctica to South America.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 8.0 cm COLD male/unsexed; (Ref. 3373)
Maximum depth from Ref. 3373. Colony is up to 700 cm long and 8 cm in diameter (Ref. 3373). Found on soft bottom substrates, weakly attached to mud, and on moraine deposits at a depth of 30 m (Ref. 1753), and even on rocky bottoms and prefer areas with a little current when they reach a considerable height (Ref. 87801).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the class Ascidiacea are hermaphroditic; both cross- and self-fertilization is typical. Life cycle: Eggs develop into lecithotrophic larva before metamorphosing into benthic adults.
Tatian, M., R.J. Sahade, M.E. Doucet and G.B. Esnal. 1998. (Ref. 1753)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): -1.8 - 6, mean -0.2 (based on 778 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.