Holothuroidea |
Holothuriida |
Holothuriidae
Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
Benthic; distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 30 m (Fonte Biblio. 800). Tropical; 30°N - 32°S, 32°E - 78°W (Fonte Biblio. 97480)
Indo-Pacific.
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm 15.5 range ? - ? cm Max length : 60.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Fonte Biblio. 118); common length : 20.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Fonte Biblio. 122); peso massimo pubblicato: 1.0 kg (Fonte Biblio. 122)
Body Width: 10 cm. Body Thickness: 0.8 cm. Mean live weight about 200 g to 1000 g; body thickness about 4 mm. Body: cylindrical, elongate, with rounded ends. Tegument smooth, often covered by sand, but also showing round patches lacking sand. A red toxic fluid is secreted upon rubbing the body surface vigorously. Podia on bivium sparsely distributed, ending in a small disc around 150 micrometer in diameter; podia on trivium numerous, short and stout, distributed on the radii and the interradii, their calcareous disc around 0.05 cm in diameter. Mouth: ventral, surrounded by 20 black tentacles. Anus terminal. Calcareous ring with large radial pieces and narrow interradials. Cuvierian tubules absent. Color: entirely black. Spicules: tegument with tables and rosettes; tables with circular disc showing 8 holes (4 central and 4 smaller holes in between) and s spire of 4 pillars, ending in maltese crown; rosettes small and simple, more abundant in ventral tegument; ventral podia without rods, but with pseudo-plates; dorsal podia and papillae with short rods, showing denticulate borders.
The mean population density is around 0.5 per square meter, but can exceed 4 per square meter. Traditionally harvested, but the processed product is of low commercial value. In recent times, due to increasing demand, this species also appears in the processed products of many Pacific Islands. Collected by hand at low tide while wading on the reefs, or by divers (Ref. 122). Processed to trepang in Puerto Princesa, Palawan (Ref. 543). A common shallow-water species, rarely found at depths of more than 20 m, mostly on inner and outer reef flats and back reefs or shallow coastal lagoons; abundant on sandy-muddy grounds with rubble or coral patches and in seagrass beds (Ref. 122). Intertidal. Also found on coarse and fine sandy areas in coral communities (Ref. 129602). Body is often almost completely covered by sand grains (Ref. 102838). The mean population density is about 0.5/square meter, but can exceed 4/square meter. Inshore shallow-water populations are denser, composed of smaller individuals, while deeper or outer reef populations, individuals are more scattered and with larger sizes (Ref. 122). Feeds on Halimeda sp. (Ref. 118). Known to release a wine-colored exudate when rubbed vigorously (Ref. 85218).
Ciclo vitale e comportamento di accoppiamento
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecondità | Larve
Inshore shallow-water populations composed of smaller individuals, and reproduce mostly by transversal fission, while in deeper or outer reef populations the individuals are larger, and reproduce sexually (Ref. 122).
Conand, C. 1998 Holothurians (sea cucumbers, Class Holothuroidea). p. 1157-1190. In Carpenter, K.E. and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 2. Cephalopods, crustaceans, holothurians and sharks. FAO Rome. (Fonte Biblio. 122)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN
(Fonte Biblio. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Stato della CITES (Fonte Biblio. 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Fonte Biblio. 116361)
Not Evaluated
Minaccia per l'uomo
Usi umani
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Strumenti
Informazioni ulteriori
Dinamica della popolazione FisiologiaConsumo di ossigeno
Legato all'uomoFrancobolli, monete, materiale vario.
Fonti Internet
Stime basate su modelli
Resilienza
(Ref. 69278): |
Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (K=0.11-0.75) |
Vulnerabilità della pesca
(Fonte Biblio. 71543) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100). |
Categoria di prezzo
(Fonte Biblio. 80766): |
Unknown. |
Nutrients
|
Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 16.6 [15.4, 17.8] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |
