Malacostraca |
Decapoda |
Nephropidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
; गहराई सीमा 20 - 800 m (संदर्भ 441), usually 200 - 600 m (संदर्भ 88009). Temperate, preferred 16°C (संदर्भ 107945); 72°N - 27°N, 25°W - 27°E
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: From Finnmark, Norway south to Libya west to the Canary Is. and east to Aegean Sea. Subtropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / आकार / Weight / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm 3.2, range 2 - 5.5 cm Max length : 24.0 cm BL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 441); common length : 19.0 cm BL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 441)
Total body length: 8 to 24 cm, usually between 10 to 20 cm (Ref. 4). Found in the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 94799). Epibenthic (Ref. 87524). Sedentary (Ref. 94799). Inhabits muddy bottoms in which it digs its burrows. Nocturnal and feeds on detritus, crustaceans and worms (Ref. 4). An active predator or scavenger (Ref. 94757). Another isotope data (δ15N=6.26±0.14, n=3, Ref. 106518).
Ovigerous females are found practically throughout the year, the eggs laid around July are carried for about 9 months (Ref. 4). 1 brood per year (Ref. 81133); 1.6 cm postlarval size (Ref. 81161); 1 month of pelagic period (Ref. 81160).
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (संदर्भ 4)
IUCN Red List Status
(संदर्भ 130435: Version 2024-2)
CITES status (संदर्भ 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (संदर्भ 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक
FAO - मात्स्यिकी: landings, species profile | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
साधन
अधिक जानकारी
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 3.3 - 13.7, mean 7.8 (based on 273 cells).
लौटाव
माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.03-0.44; tm=2).
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 36 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 109 [35, 184] mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386] g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.