Malacostraca |
Decapoda |
Penaeidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range
Ekologi
; brackvatten; djupintervall 2 - 300 m (Ref. 8), usually ? - 60 m (Ref. 10). Tropical, preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945)
Indo-West Pacific and the Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Könsmognad: Lm 10.4, range 2 - 2.4 cm Max length : 21.5 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 119750); 26 cm TL (female); publicerad maxvikt: 130.00 g (Ref. 374)
Carapace and abdomen uniformly glabrous. More or less straight rostrum armed with 7 or 8 dorsal and 3 ventral teeth. Inclined downward and anteriorly hepatic carina. White and red transverse stripes present as bands in the antennae. Adrostral carina reaching well beyond epigastric tooth.
Maximum depth from Ref. 801. Occurs on mud, sandy-mud or sandy-grit substrates (Ref. 10), seagrass, mangrove and among shells (Ref. 121467). Prefers marine (adults) and estuarine (juveniles) environments in subtropical and tropical climates (Ref. 8). Forms small shoals. Predominantly nocturnal and buries in substrate during day time (Ref. 10). Postlarvae settle exclusively in seagrass beds (Ref. 84594); Juveniles also seek refuge in seagrass beds (Ref. 106924). Feeds on seagrass (Ref. 84594), diatoms, algae, (Ref. 104907), bivalves, gastropods, ophiuroids, crustaceans and polychaetes (Ref. 104903).
Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833).
Holthuis, L.B. 1980. (Ref. 8)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell
FAO - Vattenbruk: production; fiskeri: landings, species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Verktyg
Ytterligare information
PhysiologySyreförbrukning
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet-källor
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 21.6 - 29.1, mean 28 (based on 2446 cells).
Resiliens
Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (K=1.6; tm=1.8).
Prior r = 1.18, 95% CL = 0.78 - 1.77, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 109 [35, 184] mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386] g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.