Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Others. Subtropical

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Western Indian Ocean and Eastern Atlantic.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 70.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 91362); max. published weight: 3.1 kg (Ref. 356)

Population decline was recorded in the 19th century wherein 295,000 birds in 1956 became 170,000 birds in 1978. Threats include oil pollution, fisheries, and competition for food and space (Ref. 84934). This is a gregarious species that is commonly found in small groups and within 50 km of shoreline. It breeds in huge colonies in burrows (Ref. 91362), mainly on offshore islands (Ref. 84934). Underwater pursuit (Ref. 356).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Harrison, P. 1987. (Ref. 91362)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Endangered (EN) (A2ace+3bce+4ace); Date assessed: 09 September 2019

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements

Threat to humans

Human uses

| FishSource |

Tools

E-book | Field guide

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items

Common names
Synonyms
Predators
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Morphology
Larvae
Abundance

References
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Spheniscus demersus (Linnaeus, 1758)