Echinoidea |
Camarodonta |
Toxopneustidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / пределы глубины / distribution range
экология
ассоциированный с рифами; пределы глубины 0 - 90 m (ссылка 81020). Tropical
Southeast Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 15.0 cm WD самец/пол неопределен; (ссылка 800)
Inhabits coral rubble and rocky reef areas, seagrass beds and coral reefs (Ref. 800). Has poisonous pedicellariae (Ref. 2957). Feeds on calcareous sediments (Ref. 108108). Found in waters less than 30m. Dwells on soft substrates. Feeds on encrusting coralline algae and turf algae (Ref. 129602).
Life cycle and mating behavior
половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the class Echinoidea are gonochoric. Fertilization is external. Brooding is common, eggs are held either on the peristome, around the periproct or deep into the concavities on the petaloids. Life cycle: Embryos develop into planktotrophic larvae (echinoplateus) and live for several months before they sink to the bottom using their tube feet to adhere on the ground where they metamorphose into young urchins.
Основная ссылка
ссылки | координатор | соавторы
Schoppe, S. 2000 A guide to common shallow water sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers and feather stars (echinoderms) of the Philippines. Times Media Private Limited, Singapore. 144 p. (ссылка 800)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП
(ссылка 130435: Version 2025-1)
Статус СИТЕС (ссылка 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (ссылка 116361)
Not Evaluated
Угроза для людей
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий
| FishSource | Sea Around Us
инструменты
дополнительная информация
Population dynamicsрост
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Размерный состав
Mass conversion
численность
Life cycleразмножениеполовая зрелостьFecundityнерестEggsРазвитие икрыLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 24.6 - 29, mean 28 (based on 1174 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Категория цены
Unknown.
Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 5.08 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 12%; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 0.04 [48.48, 67.17] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.