Phalacrocorax aristotelis, European shag

Phalacrocorax aristotelis   (Linnaeus, 1761)

European shag
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Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Aves | Pelecaniformes | Phalacrocoracidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range Ekologi

.  Subtropical; 67°N - 27°N, 26°W - 40°E (Ref. 125423)

Distribution Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Utplanteringar

Arctic, Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Subtropical to polar.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 72.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 84934); publicerad maxvikt: 1.6 kg (Ref. 356)

Short description Morfologi

Culmen: 5.67 cm; tarsus: 6.34 cm; wing: 26.45 cm.

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

In the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland and northern England, this species primarily forage inshore and breeding birds only spend approx. 30% of daylight period at sea, feeding primarily on the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus. They surface-feed by scooping prey from the water and also able to exploit the water column by diving. They form nesting colonies with breeding pairs sharing incubation and chick-rearing duties. Adults feed their chicks with regurgitated food (Ref. 95711).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Amundsen, T. and J.N. Stokland 1990 Egg size and parental quality influence nestling growth in the shag. The Auk 107:410-413. (Ref. 91589)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 August 2018

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses


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Ytterligare information

Trophic Ecology
Food items (preys)
Födosammansättning
Födointag
Predatorer
Ekologi
Ekologi
Population dynamics
Tillväxt
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundans
Life cycle
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Fecundity
Lek
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Distribution
Länder
FAO områden
Ekosystem
Förekomster
Utplanteringar
Physiology
Syreförbrukning
Human Related
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
Medarbetare
Taxonomy
Populärnamn
synonymer
Morfologi
Bilder
referenser
referenser

Internet-källor

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Go, sök) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 6.5 - 19.6, mean 12.3 (based on 985 cells).
Resiliens (Ref. 69278): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (K=14.9-42.87).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

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