Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
Others; 淡水. Tropical
Western Central Atlantic and Northeast Pacific:
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 36.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 8812); 最大体重: 212.00 g (参考文献 356)
Culmen: 2.99 cm; tarsus: 3.175 cm; wing: 26.3 cm.
Total Length: 18 to 21 cm; Wingspan: 30 to 33 cm (Ref. 8812). Estuarine. Found on bay and nearshore (Ref. 116102). Surface seizing; dipping; coastal (Ref. 356). A surface nester, usually builds nest in trees. One of the few species that nest and forage in inland habitats, and move to the coast during non-breeding season. Colonial; distance between pairs may be >100m but nest sites still clumped with many other suitable nesting areas unutilized. Vulnerable to oil spill as a piscivore; saw 50% decline in population from 1989 in Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill (Ref. 87784).
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Lepage, D. 2007 Avibase -the World Bird Database. http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp [accessed 09/07/2007]. (参考文献 7816)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书
(参考文献 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
人类利用
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
工具
网络资源
基于模型的估算
渔业脆弱性
(参考文献 71543) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100). |
价格分类
(参考文献 80766): |
Unknown. |
