Larus occidentalis, Western gull

Larus occidentalis   Audubon, 1839

Western gull
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No photo available for this species.
No drawings available for Laridae.

رده بندی / Names اسامي عام | مترادف | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Aves | Charadriiformes | Laridae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range بوم شناسي

.  Temperate

Distribution كشورها | مناطق سازمان خوار و بار جهاني (FAO) | Ecosystems | ظهور | معرفي

Eastern Pacific and Western Atlantic. Subtropical to temperate.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن

بلوغ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 68.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 8812); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 1.0 kg (مرجع 356)

توصيف مختصر ريخت شناسي

Culmen: 5.56 cm; tarsus: 7.197 cm; wing: 41.2 cm.

زيست شناسي     واژه نامه (بعنوان مثال epibenthic)

Total Length: 61 to 68 cm; Wingspan: 132 to 142 cm (Ref. 8812). Occupies the continental shelf; <80 km (Ref. 356). Scavengers; exhibits kleptoparasitism (Ref. 356). Opportunistic feeders that eat a wide variety of food. Based on stable isotope analysis (SIA) diet study of egg albumin, belongs to lower N signature group (based on ratios of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon) indicating a more planktivorous diet. Switch in diet from garbage to fish when chicks hatch for its higher nutritional content to assure higher fledging success. Early breeding and early egg-laying assures higher fledging success for this species. On the Farallon Islands, California, high nest failures recorded during ENSO (El Niño) events; severe events in 1982-1983 causing adult mortality. (Ref. 87784).

Life cycle and mating behavior بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

مآخذ اصلی مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران

Schreiber, R.W. 1970. (مرجع 80153)

وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (مرجع 130435: Version 2024-2)

  حداقل نگرانی (LC) ; Date assessed: 08 August 2018

وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (مرجع 116361)

Not Evaluated

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ابزارها

اطلاعات بيشتر

Trophic Ecology
Food items (preys)
تركيب غذايي
مصرف غذايي
شکارچیان
بوم شناسي
Population dynamics
رشد
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
نوسانات طولی
Mass conversion
فراواني
Life cycle
تولید مثل
بلوغ
Fecundity
تخم ریزی
Eggs
نمو تخم
Larvae
Physiology
Oxygen consumption
Human Related
Stamps, coins, misc.
مراجع

منابع اينترنتي

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (ژنوم, نوکلئوتيد) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (برو, جستجو) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 5.4 - 18.5, mean 8.3 (based on 112 cells).
جهندگی (Ref. 69278): زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (K=16.74-39.08).
Fishing Vulnerability (مرجع 71543): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
طبقه قيمت (مرجع 80766): Unknown.