Cephalopoda |
Octopoda |
Eledonidae | Eledoninae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
; تغييرات عمق 5 - 500 m (مرجع 96968), usually 60 - 120 m (مرجع 96968). Subtropical, preferred 18°C (مرجع 107945); 70°N - 30°N, 26°W - 22°E (مرجع 275)
Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm 11.1, range 7 - 16.5 cm Max length : 55.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 96968); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 1.2 kg (مرجع 275)
Occurs from sand and mud, to broken rock and rocky reefs (Ref. 96968). Females predominate at depths of 30 to 80 m, males at depths below 100 m (Ref. 275).
Male spermatangia reach ovary before the release of sperms (Ref. 2569). Also Ref. 80232.
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen. 1984. (مرجع 275)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN
(مرجع 130435: Version 2024-2)
وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: با ارزش تجاري بالا
FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us
ابزارها
اطلاعات بيشتر
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 6.8 - 14.3, mean 9.7 (based on 658 cells).
Prior r = 0.88, 95% CL = 0.58 - 1.33, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.