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Non-breeding individuals may frequent inland flooded grasslands and the silty shores of rivers and lakes. It is largely coastal during the winter, residing on rocky, muddy and sandy beaches, salt marshes, tidal mudflats, saline and freshwater coastal lagoons and tidal estuaries. Non-breeding individuals feed on insects, spiders, annelids, molluscs, crustaceans, and occasionally small fish and tadpoles (Ref. 107893).
Hüppop, O., J. Dierschke, K.-M. Exo, E. Fredrich and R. Hill 2006 Bird Migration and Offshore Wind Turbines. In Ch. 9: 91-117. Köller, J., J. Köppel and W. Peters (eds.). Offshore Wind Energy, Research on Environmental Impacts. Springer: Germany. 371 pp. (参考文献 96348)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书
(参考文献 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
