Malacostraca |
Decapoda |
Penaeidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
; गहराई सीमा 0 - 330 m (संदर्भ 356), usually 11 - 36 m (संदर्भ 8). Tropical, preferred 24°C (संदर्भ 107945); 39°N - 8°N, 98°W - 60°W
Western Atlantic and the Caribbean.
Length at first maturity / आकार / Weight / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm 2.2, range 9 - ? cm Max length : 26.9 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 8); 28 cm TL (female); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 2.00 वर्षो (संदर्भ 108798)
Maximum standard length: 27.0 cm (Ref. 356). Maximum depth range from Ref. 97531. Inhabits bottom firm mud and silt with sand and shells. Juveniles can live in water with low salinities (Ref. 8). Juveniles use seagrass beds as nursery grounds until they reach a size of about 10 cm total length, then migrates offshore. Feeds nocturnally, mainly preying on the seagrass shrimp Thor floridanus. Other food items of juveniles include bivalves, calcareous algae, plant detritus, copepods and seagrass fragments (Ref. 67427).
Life cycle: Larvae undergo 5 naupliar stages, 3 protozeal stages and 2 to 5 mysis stages (Ref. 108811). Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833). Spawns throughout the year (Ref. 108797).
Holthuis, L.B. 1980. (संदर्भ 8)
IUCN Red List Status
(संदर्भ 130435: Version 2024-2)
CITES status (संदर्भ 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (संदर्भ 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; ठहराव / प्रलोभन: usually
FAO - मात्स्यिकी: landings, species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us
साधन
अधिक जानकारी
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 14.6 - 27.8, mean 24.4 (based on 492 cells).
लौटाव
ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (K=1.2-3.27; tmax=2).
Prior r = 0.59, 95% CL = 0.39 - 0.88, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 109 [35, 184] mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [1.21, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.185, 0.386] g/100g; Selenium = 48.3 [-31.7, 128.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.17, 2.40] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.