Oligohymenophorea |
Sessilida |
Zoothamniidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
; खारा. Tropical
Central Atlantic, Mediterranean and the Red Sea.
Length at first maturity / आकार / Weight / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 1.5 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 87022); common length : 0.5 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 87023)
Average length is 0.3 to 0.5 cm (Ref. 87023). The surface of this species is known to be a favorable habitat for sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (Ref. 87023). It inhabits mangrove peat walls in groups of more than 100 colonies, with an estimated group life of approximately 20 days, mainly in areas where microbial surface mat has been destroyed (Ref. 87022). It is found attached to a substrate, particularly in subtidal areas where sulfide sources are present. Large colonies are observed on garbage bags and rotting vegetables found in mangrove ponds. Generally is occupies ephemeral habitats where it is patchily distributed (Ref. 85814). The peritrich ciliate is a filter feeder, and its microzooids possess a fully developed oral ciliature and cytopharynx (Ref. 87023).
Life cycle and mating behavior
परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the phylum Ciliophora reproduce either through conjugation wherein exchange of genes occur or by budding.
Rinke, C., S. Schmitz-Esser, K. Stoecker, A.D. Nussbaumer, D.A. Molna´r, K. Vanura, M. Wagner, M. Horn, J.A. Ott and M. Bright 2006 Candidatus Thiobios zoothamnicoli, an ectosymbiotic bacterium covering the giant marine ciliate Zoothamnium niveum. Applied and Environmental Biology 27(3):2014-2021. (संदर्भ 87022)
IUCN Red List Status
(संदर्भ 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (संदर्भ 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (संदर्भ 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
| FishSource |
साधन
अधिक जानकारी
Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
संघटक आहार
आहार खपत
परभक्षी
Population dynamicsबाढ़
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
बहुतायत
Life cycleपुनरुत्पत्तिपरिपक्व अवधिFecundityमछलीऔ का अंडे देनाEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).