Florideophyceae |
Gigartinales |
Hypneaceae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range
Sinh thái học
; Mức độ sâu 1 - 31 m (Tài liệu tham khảo 102164). Tropical
Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Ocean.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Weight / Age
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Thalli prostrate, greenish to purple, forming thick clumps of intricating branches on rocky substrate. Branches terete to slightly compressed, 1.5 to 3 mm broad. Branching irregularly alternate to opposite, forming wide angles and rounded axils. Branches divided into short stubby spines at the terminal portion; the short ultimate branchlets are characteristically stout, stubby, and spinose. Thalli up to 8 cm in height (Ref. 80758).
Source of protein and carrageenan; used for human consumption, as animal feed, medicine (antitumor) and as fertilizer; used as coconut manure in Brazil and West Indies (Ref. 80758); of low commercial interest internationally as carrageenan source (Ref. 82223). Hypnea plants have compounds with medical and pharmaceutical uses such as muscle relaxants and blood agglutinins (reviewed in Schenkman, 1989) (Ref. 82232). Inhabits well in rocky habitats exposed to moderate wave action, usually lodged between coral rocks in subtidal areas (Ref. 80758); found in the high subtidal or lower intertidal zones of relatively sheltered rockflats or mudflats and sandbanks, restricted to areas where persistent low water salinity was likely to be rare (Ref. 82232). Thomas Subbaramaiah (1994) reported that growth of H. pannosa in Mandapam, India was best at lower temperatures and higher salinities (Ref. 82232). In Corpus Cristi, Suva Harbour, Fiji, H. pannosa were found but not very abundant; in Nasese/Nasova (near Ratu Sukuna Road junction), Suva Harbour, Fiji, plants of H. pannosa were abundant, but fairly small. Hypnea was very stunted, being usually >50 mm in length and often covered with filamentous epiphytes. In Draunibota Island, Suva Harbour, Fiji, isolated small H. pannosa plants were found entangled with turtlegrasses, but were not abundant. The sandee lee side of Tokatoka ni Kubu Reef has scattered plants of G.maramae and H. pannosa. In Laucala Island, Suva Harbour, Fiji, attached to or entangled with the turtlegrasses were small (>100 mm) seaweed plants identified as Gracilaria maramae and Hypnea pannosa (Ref. 82232).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Eggs | Sự sinh sản | Larvae
Guiry, M.D. and G.M. Guiry 2009 AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 14 April 2009. (Tài liệu tham khảo 80701)
IUCN Red List Status
(Tài liệu tham khảo 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Tài liệu tham khảo 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Tài liệu tham khảo 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless (Tài liệu tham khảo 80758)
Human uses
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Thêm thông tin
Sinh thái dinh dưỡngFood items (preys)
Thành phần thức ăn
Thành phần thức ăn
Các động vật ăn mồi
Population dynamicsSự sinh trưởng
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Sự phong phú
Life cycleSự tái sinh sản
Chín muồi sinh dục
Sự sinh sản
Đẻ trứng
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
PhysiologyThành phần ô-xy
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Các nguồn internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 22.7 - 29.2, mean 28.1 (based on 4511 cells).