Gastropoda |
Lepetellida |
Haliotidae
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
Benthic; 深度上下限 0 - 200 m (參考文獻 2754). Subtropical, preferred 19°C (參考文獻 107945); 50°N - 9°N, 32°W - 36°E (參考文獻 99669)
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: North to the Channel Islands, south to Guinea, including Azores, Canary and Cape Verde Islands, and east to the Mediterranean. Introduced in Ireland and Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea in Israel.
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 4.9, range 4 - 5.4 cm Max length : 12.3 cm SHL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (參考文獻 99669); common length : 8.0 cm SHL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (參考文獻 438); 最大年齡: 15 年 (參考文獻 99669)
Collected from the sublittoral zone, from low tide up to a depth of 200 m (Ref. 2754). Offshore (Ref. 438). Collected from the supralittoral and mediolittoral or intertidal zones (Ref. 2754).
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Gonochoric; broadcast spawners (males release first before the females). Spawning occurs from spring to late autumn.
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Demir, M. 2003 Shells of mollusca collected from the seas of Turkey. Turkey Journal of Zoology 27:101-140. (參考文獻 2754)
IUCN 瀕危狀態
(參考文獻 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
易受傷害 (VU) (A2de); Date assessed: 20 December 2019
CITES狀態 (參考文獻 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
FAO - Aquaculture Systems: production search漁業: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | 周邊海洋
工具
網路資源
基於模型的估計
回復力
(Ref. 69278): |
高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.27-0.4; tm=3; tmax=15) |
釣魚的脆弱性
(參考文獻 71543) |
Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100). |
氣候脆弱性
(參考文獻 125649) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100) |
價格種類
(參考文獻 80766): |
High. |
Nutrients
|
Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.9 [14.8, 16.9] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |
