Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
Pelagis, permukaan; oceanodromus (Ref. 75927); kisaran kedalaman 0 - 500 m (Ref. 275), usually 0 - 100 m (Ref. 275). Temperate; 5°C - 27°C (Ref. 275), preferred 9°C (Ref. 107945); 63°N - 18°N, 110°E - 135°W (Ref. 275)
Northern and Western Pacific and Northeast Atlantic.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 50 cm ML (female); common length : 30.0 cm ML jantan/; (Ref. 97142); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 500.00 g (Ref. 275)
Common weight: 100 to 300 g (Ref. 275). Depth range is 36 to 184 m; and temperature is 12 to 20°C in Ref. 75927. Fished with jigging machines, demersal trawls, purse seines and set nets (Ref. 81298).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
rujukan utama
Acuan | Koordinator | mitra
Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen. 1984. (Ref. 275)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
status CITES (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
FAO - Perikanan: landings, profail spesis | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Alat, peralatan
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7.7 - 23.4, mean 18.3 (based on 366 cells).
Daya lenting
Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (K=2.85-3.34).
Prior r = 1.18, 95% CL = 0.78 - 1.77, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
keancaman
Low vulnerability (25 of 100).