Arctica islandica   (Linnaeus, 1767)

Ocean quahog

Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Arctica islandica  AquaMaps  Data sources: GBIF OBIS
Hochladen Photos 
 | Alle Bilder | Google Bild |
Image of Arctica islandica (Ocean quahog)
Arctica islandica

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

| Venerida | Arcticidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

; tiefenbereich 0 - 482 m (Ref. 88171).  Temperate, preferred 7°C (Ref. 107945); 77°N - 35°N, 120°W - 45°E

Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Einführungen

Northern Atlantic and the Arctic: from Bay of Cadiz Spain, north to Iceland, and from Cape Hatteras in North Carolina, USA to the Canadian Arctic. Subtropical to polar.

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: Lm ?, range 2 - 4.1 cm Max length : 13.0 cm SHL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 88171); common length : 7.6 cm SHL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 360)

Kurzbeschreibung Morphologie

Shell: moderately swollen, thick and robust valves, almost circular, equivalved and inequilateral; has a thick dark brown to blackish periostracum; sculpture consists of thin concentric grooves; well-developed external ligament, reaching the end of the posterior margin of the valve, posterior to the umbones; hinge is heterodont, right and left valves each has three cardinal teeth, anterior and posterior lateral teeth; inside the valves are two slightly different muscle scars (dimyarian, anisomyarian), linked by a continuous pallial line (integropalliate), without a sinus; crossed-lamellae structure. Body: pair of gills each consists of two series of lamellae extensively linked by interlamellar junctions (eulamellibranch); foot is large and the two mantle lobes fuse to form two stout siphons.

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Minimum depth from Ref. 7726. Maximum shell height at 13 cm (anterior-posterior: from the whorl to opposite shell edge) in the Northeast Atlantic. Considered one of the slowest growing clam species in the world and extremely long-lived with an age record of 374 years. As an endobenthic species, population threats include anthropogenic factors such as mechanical damage, oxygen deficiency/eutrophication, unintentional habitat dislocation, temperature and osmotic stress brought by climate change, and, on a major scale, increased trawl fishery in the North Atlantic (Ref. 88171). Prefer a temperature range of 1° to 18°C and, although found in brackish waters with salinity levels of 14 and higher, is intolerant of salinities below 10. Found in both shallow and deep waters with preferred depth range between 10 and 280 m. Having a short siphon, it buries shallow beneath the surface, in gravelly, sandy to muddy sediments, and sapropels but preferentially in fine, silty sediment. Maintains a stationary position once it has settled onto the substrate. May burrow below the sediment surface possibly to escape predators or to conserve energy by going into this anaerobic phase which can last up to 7 days. A suspension and detritus feeder on fresh organic matter; filters phytoplankton and able to pick up food particles from the seabed with the tentacles on the end of its siphon, it being a suspension feeder. Dioecious with reproduction continuous throughout the year. Late sexual maturity, at around 5 to 11 years, make its population sensitive to disturbance (Ref. 88171).

Life cycle and mating behavior Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven

Members of the class Bivalvia are mostly gonochoric, some are protandric hermaphrodites. Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam.

Hauptreferenz Referenzen | Koordinator | Partner

Harvey-Clark, C. 1997. (Ref. 7726)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

  Nicht untersucht 

CITES Status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: kommerziell
FAO - Fischereien: landings, Artbeschreibung | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Tools

E-book | Feldführer

Internet Quellen

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Fischereien: Artbeschreibung; publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (Genom, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Gehe zu, Suchen) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 6.6 - 10.9, mean 9.8 (based on 204 cells).
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 69278): niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (K=0.02-0.2; tm=4.5).
Prior r = 0.47, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.70, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Verwundbarkeit (Ref. 71543): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766): Low.
Nutrients: Calcium = 149 [71, 228] mg/100g; Iron = 8.53 [1.95, 15.11] mg/100g; Protein = 9.88 [8.64, 11.12] %; Omega3 = 0.313 [0.202, 0.423] g/100g; Selenium = 61 [50, 72] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 2.04 [0.56, 3.51] mg/100g (wet weight).