Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水. ; 66°N - 47°S, 125°W - 179°E (Ref. 124582)
Atlantic, Indo-Pacific and Mediterranean. Subtropical to temperate.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 59.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 8812); 最大體重: 662.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 6.87 cm; wing: 40.02 cm.
Total Length: 48 to 59 cm; Wingspan: 127 to 140 cm (Ref. 8812). Estuarine. Found on beach and shoreline (Ref. 116102). Plunge diver; dipping; coastal (Ref. 356). Low rate of mate retention; 75% of individuals change mates between years; attributed to tendency to change nesting localities annually. Nests solitarily or colonially. Variations in nest site quality and mate quality observed. Shifts breeding location and colony site when environment becomes unstable; as in cases of flooding, a factor reducing site fidelity. Possibly a pollutant-related behavioral response to PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) levels in the North American Great Lakes is lower nest-site tenacity of this species in the area. On the Colombia River, world's largest colony of Caspian Terns were questionably displaced in an attempt to protect hatchery-raised salmon molts on the river (Ref. 87784).
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Lepage, D. 2007. (Ref. 7816)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 August 2018
CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
人類使用
| FishSource |
工具
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 9.8 - 29.1, mean 27.4 (based on 4475 cells).
瀕危性
Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
價格種類
Unknown.
