Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Holothuroidea | Synallactida | Stichopodidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Reef-associated; depth range 0 - 15 m (Ref. 122). Tropical

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Indo-Pacific.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 800); common length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 122); max. published weight: 500.00 g (Ref. 122)

Short description Morphology

Mean live weight 200 to 500 g; body-wall thickness 0.2 cm. Body firm, rigid, square-ish in cross-section, flattened ventrally (trivium); body wall easily disintegrates outside sea water. Bivium covered with irregular warts, arranged in 10 longitudinal rows; warts larger near mouth. Trivium delimited by a characteristic double row of large papillae 4 to 5 mm; stout podia arranged in 4 rows, on 3 radial bands, their disc about 350 micrometer in diameter. Mouth ventral, surrounded by a half row of papillae and 18 brown, short tentacles. Anus terminal. Calcareous ring with deeply indented radial pieces and triangular interradials. Cuvierian tubules absent. Bivium whitish to grey, with brown irregular dots; trivium lighter. Spicules with very characteristic rosettes, X-shaped, or elongate, numerous in the tegument; presence of numerous C-shaped spicules of 3 sizes; ventral tegument with tables of 2 sizes; some tables have a circular disc with 4 central and about 15 peripheral holes, bearing a spire with 4 pillars ending in a moderately spiny and cross-shaped crown; tables with a larger disc also present, more perforated, with a higher, spiny crown; only the first kind table found in the dorsal tegument; tables in papillae provided with large multiperforated disc, with a long, conical, smooth spire, ending in a single point; ventral papillae containing long, smooth rods; ventral podia have long rods, with central apophasis, and large elongate, multiperforated plates; tentacles with large rods, either curved with few spines, or straight and very spiny.

Probably not harvested, as the tegument disintegrates too quickly. An aquaculture programme for this species is presently being carried out for stock enhancement purposes. A reef species mostly found in shallow areas from near the surface to a depth of 15 m; generally occurs in rubbles or hidden in reef flats. A nocturnal species. Populations not reaching high densities, with mean of around 0.007 per square meter. Biology poorly known (Ref. 122). Common in shallow water inhabitant of rubble and sandy areas; hidden under rocks or dead corals (Ref. 800).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Members of the class Holothuroidea are gonochoric and have only one gonad. Spawning and fertilization are both external and some exhibit brooding. Life cycle: Embryos develop into planktotrophic larvae (auricularia) then into doliolaria (barrel-shaped stage) which later metamorphose into juvenile sea cucumbers.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Conand, C. 1998. (Ref. 122)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 127697)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 18 May 2010

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: of potential interest
| FishSource | Sea Around Us

Tools

E-book | Field guide

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items

Common names
Synonyms
Predators
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Morphology
Larvae
Abundance

References
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures

Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 24.7 - 29.3, mean 28.4 (based on 3265 cells).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Stichopus horrens Selenka, 1867