Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Alcidae
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
Others; 深度上下限 0 - 45 m (参考文献 60377), usually 15 - 20 m (参考文献 60377). Temperate; 71°N - 32°N, 145°E - 116°W
Eastern Pacific and the Arctic: Alaska to California. Temperate to subtropical.
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (参考文献 8812); 最大体重: 487.00 g (参考文献 356)
Culmen: 4.39 cm; wing: 1.88 cm.
Total Length: 30 to 35 cm (Ref. 8812). A large species (Ref. 87784). Common depth of 15 to 20 m is foraging depth most preferred by species (Ref. 60377). Nearshore feeder (Ref. 87784). Pursuit diver; coastal; <15 km; water <20m deep (Ref. 356). Based on stable isotope analysis (SIA) diet study of egg albumin, belongs to higher N signature group (based on ratios of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon): piscivorous with pelagic foraging range. Aquatic courtship display such as calling and wing-raising, head dipping below the sea surface, and flipping below the sea surface or skittering. Typically nests in crevices. On the Farallon Islands, this species usurps nests of smaller Cassin's Auklet by destroying eggs or chicks thereby effectively lowering its habitat competitor's reproductive success. Severely affected by El Niño events by abandoning nesting attempts in the Farallon Islands in central California. Vulnerable to oil spill as a diving species; population still depressed, with over 50% decline, 9 years after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound as an effect of persistent trace oil in the water that caused a decline in forage fish abundance (Ref. 87784).
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
SAUP Database 2006 SAUP Database. www.seaaroundus.org. (参考文献 356)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书
(参考文献 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
人类利用
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
工具
更多信息
人口动态成长最大年龄/尺寸长度-重量关系长短关系体长-频率质量转换丰度
网络资源
基于模型的估算
渔业脆弱性
(参考文献 71543) |
Low vulnerability (25 of 100). |
价格分类
(参考文献 80766): |
Unknown. |
