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Ircinia strobilina, Black-ball sponge

Ircinia strobilina   (Lamarck, 1816)

Black-ball sponge

Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Ircinia strobilina  AquaMaps  Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Demospongiae | Dictyoceratida | Irciniidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Reef-associated; brackish; depth range 1 - 50 m (Ref. 108813).  Tropical

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Western Atlantic: Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 0.5 cm H male/unsexed; (Ref. 415)

Short description Morphology

Massive-globular with large sharp conules: up to 0.5 cm high; regularly spaced up to 1.3 cm apart. Membrane-bearing oscules: 0.2 - 1.5 cm wide; usually grouped onto a depression on top of the sponge. Dark gray to black externally, tan internally. Tough very hard to cut (Ref. 415). Morphology: fan, lobate, massive or spherical (Ref. 81728). Color often paler near the base, rarely almost white with. Black oscules; small specimens have only one oscule (Ref. 85482).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 128739. Common on shallow reefs, seagrass beds (Ref. 415) and hard bottoms. Also found in mangroves (Ref. 86836). Occasionally on deeper muddy sand bottoms. Often emits a strong, sulfurous pungent scent when removed from the water (Ref. 85482). In Belize, it was found in a submarine cave near Columbus Cay (Ref. 87209). Inhabits coralline algae reefs, coral communities, and lower mesophotic reefs (Ref. 128739).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Members of the class Demospongiae are hermaphroditic. Life cycle: The zygote develops into parenchymella larva (free-swimming) before settling down on a substrate where it grows into a young sponge.

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Collin, R., M.C. Díaz, J. Norenburg, R.M. Rocha, J.A. Sánchez, M. Schulze, A. Schwartz and A. Valdés. 2005. (Ref. 415)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Not Evaluated 

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses


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Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items
Common names
Synonyms
Predators
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development
Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Morphology
Larvae
Abundance
References
Mass conversion
Collaborators
Pictures

Internet sources

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Go, Search) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 23.7 - 28.1, mean 27.3 (based on 722 cells).
Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.