Bivalvia |
Cardiida |
Cardiidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Benthic; brackish; depth range 0 - 5 m (Ref. 125442). Subtropical, preferred 10°C (Ref. 107945); 71°N - 14°N, 17°W - 33°E (Ref. 107077)
Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Black Sea: from Portugal to Egypt, north to Norway and Russia then south to Senegal, including Mediterranean and Black Sea. Occurrence in Iran, Persian Gulf is questionable.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 5.6 cm SHL male/unsexed; (Ref. 101424); common length : 3.5 cm SHL male/unsexed; (Ref. 437); max. reported age: 7 years (Ref. 2823)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the class Bivalvia are mostly gonochoric, some are protandric hermaphrodites. Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam.
Fischer, W., G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.). 1981. (Ref. 437)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 126983)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Aquaculture: production; Fisheries: landings, species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Tools
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7.6 - 13.7, mean 10.4 (based on 742 cells).
Resilience
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.46-0.66; tmax=7).
Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.74, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
Nutrients: Calcium = 149 [71, 228] mg/100g; Iron = 8.53 [1.95, 15.11] mg/100g; Protein = 9.88 [8.64, 11.12] %; Omega3 = 0.313 [0.202, 0.423] g/100g; Selenium = 61 [50, 72] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 2.04 [0.56, 3.51] mg/100g (wet weight).