| Main Ref. | Conand, C., 1998 |
| Appearance refers to |
| specialized organs | |
| different appearance | |
| different colors | |
| remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral | |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Diagnosis | Body width: 10 cm. Maximum weight: 1000 g (Ref. 418); 300 g. Body thickness: 0.7 cm. Elongate, arched dorsally (bivium) and flattened ventrally (trivium). Bivium sometimes wrinkled and covered by sediment; wider in the middle; tapering towards both ends. Papillae on bivium long and slender; podia on trivium arranged more or less regularly in 3 rows calcareous disc surrounded by 5 anal teeth. Calcareous ring with large radial pieces and narrow interradial. Cuvierian tubules few (10); short, pink, and never expelled. Bivium is brown, varying from light to dark among specimens; trivium lighter, sometime orange, with yellow podia. Ventral tegument with a variety of small rosettes and rods, occasionally perforated; dorsal tegument with larger rosettes and branched plates; ventral podia with some straight, spinous rods; tentacles with rods large, straight , or curved, and very spiny at their extremities (Ref. 122). |
| Ease of Identification | likely to be confused with closely related species. |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total |
| Pectoral | Attributes |
| spines | |
| soft-rays | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position | |
| spines | |
| soft-rays |