| Main Ref. | Carver, C.E., A.L. Mallet and B. Vercaemer, 2006 |
| To | New Bedford, Massachussetts |
| FAO area | Atlantic, Northwest |
| From | Not specified. |
| FAO area | |
| Year | 1850 |
| Range | |
| Period | 19th century |
| Established in the Wild | yes |
| Established in Aquaculture | |
| Significant Ecological Interactions | probably yes - adverse |
| Significant Socio-economic Effects | |
| Introduced by | |
| Reason | accidental with ships |
| Other Reason | |
| Comments | Spread throughout temperate regions likely by hitchhiking on ship hulls. With Massachussetts as its earliest record in east coast USA, current distribution is from southern Maine to Rhode Island. Year is based on publication record. Known as a biofouling organism in its native and introduced habitat. |