| Main Ref. | Hill, M., R. Baker, G. Broad, P.J. Chandler, G.H. Coop, J. Ellis, D. Jones, C. Hoyland, I. Laing, M. Longshaw, N. Moore, D. Parrott, D. Pearman, C. Preston, R.M. Smith and R. Waters, 2005 |
| Till | Essex. |
| FAO-område | Atlantic, Northeast |
| från | North America including Mexico. |
| FAO-område | |
| År | 1890 |
| Range | 1887 - 1890 |
| Period | 18th century |
| Etablerad i vilt tillstånd | yes |
| Etablerad inom vattenbruk | rarely used |
| Betydande ekologiska interaktioner | yes - adverse |
| Betydande socio-ekonomiska effekter | |
| Introducerad genom | |
| Anledning | accidental |
| Andra anledningar | accidental with ships |
| Kommentarer | Occasionally used in aquaculture. Strong negative impact. A serious pest in commercial native oyster beds. Introduced in association with imported oyster and clams and may also have been transported on ships' hulls and in ballast water in their pelagic larval stage. Causes habitat modification. Ref. Hill, M., R. Baker, G. Broad, P.J. Chandler, G.H. Coop, J. Ellis, D. Jones, C. Hoyland, I. Laing, M. Longshaw, N. Moore, D. Parrott, D. Pearman, C. Preston, R.M. Smith and R. Waters, 2005 |