Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
; profondeur 5 - 500 m (Ref. 96968), usually 60 - 120 m (Ref. 96968). Subtropical, preferred 18°C (Ref. 107945); 70°N - 30°N, 26°W - 22°E (Ref. 275)
Distribution
Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Introductions
Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm 11.1, range 7 - 16.5 cm Max length : 55.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 96968); poids max. publié: 1.2 kg (Ref. 275)
Occurs from sand and mud, to broken rock and rocky reefs (Ref. 96968). Females predominate at depths of 30 to 80 m, males at depths below 100 m (Ref. 275).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Male spermatangia reach ovary before the release of sperms (Ref. 2569). Also Ref. 80232.
Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen. 1984. (Ref. 275)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
statut CITES (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: hautement commercial
FAO - pêcheries: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Outils
Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 6.8 - 14.3, mean 9.7 (based on 658 cells).
Prior r = 0.88, 95% CL = 0.58 - 1.33, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Vulnérabilité
Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
