Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 深度上下限 20 - 800 m (Ref. 441), usually 200 - 600 m (Ref. 88009). , preferred 16°C (Ref. 107945); 72°N - 27°N, 25°W - 27°E
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: From Finnmark, Norway south to Libya west to the Canary Is. and east to Aegean Sea. Subtropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 3.2, range 2 - 5.5 cm Max length : 24.0 cm BL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 441); common length : 19.0 cm BL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 441)
Total body length: 8 to 24 cm, usually between 10 to 20 cm (Ref. 4).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Ovigerous females are found practically throughout the year, the eggs laid around July are carried for about 9 months (Ref. 4). 1 brood per year (Ref. 81133); 1.6 cm postlarval size (Ref. 81161); 1 month of pelagic period (Ref. 81160).
主要参考文献
参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
FAO - 渔业: landings, 物种外形 | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | 周边海洋
工具
网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 3.3 - 13.7, mean 7.8 (based on 273 cells).
回复力
中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.03-0.44; tm=2).
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 36 full stock assessments.
脆弱性
Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
