Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
; tiefenbereich 20 - 800 m (Ref. 441), usually 200 - 600 m (Ref. 88009). Temperate, preferred 16°C (Ref. 107945); 72°N - 27°N, 25°W - 27°E
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: From Finnmark, Norway south to Libya west to the Canary Is. and east to Aegean Sea. Subtropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm 3.2, range 2 - 5.5 cm Max length : 24.0 cm BL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 441); common length : 19.0 cm BL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 441)
Total body length: 8 to 24 cm, usually between 10 to 20 cm (Ref. 4). Found in the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 94799). Epibenthic (Ref. 87524). Sedentary (Ref. 94799). Inhabits muddy bottoms in which it digs its burrows. Nocturnal and feeds on detritus, crustaceans and worms (Ref. 4). An active predator or scavenger (Ref. 94757). Another isotope data (δ15N=6.26±0.14, n=3, Ref. 106518).
Ovigerous females are found practically throughout the year, the eggs laid around July are carried for about 9 months (Ref. 4). 1 brood per year (Ref. 81133); 1.6 cm postlarval size (Ref. 81161); 1 month of pelagic period (Ref. 81160).
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES Status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kommerziell
FAO - Fischereien: landings, Artbeschreibung | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Tools
Internet Quellen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 3.3 - 13.7, mean 7.8 (based on 273 cells).
Widerstandsfähigkeit
mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.03-0.44; tm=2).
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 36 full stock assessments.
Verwundbarkeit
Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
