Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 深度上下限 20 - 800 m (Ref. 441), usually 200 - 600 m (Ref. 88009). , preferred 16°C (Ref. 107945); 72°N - 27°N, 25°W - 27°E
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: From Finnmark, Norway south to Libya west to the Canary Is. and east to Aegean Sea. Subtropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 3.2, range 2 - 5.5 cm Max length : 24.0 cm BL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 441); common length : 19.0 cm BL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 441)
Total body length: 8 to 24 cm, usually between 10 to 20 cm (Ref. 4). Found in the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 94799). Epibenthic (Ref. 87524). Sedentary (Ref. 94799). Inhabits muddy bottoms in which it digs its burrows. Nocturnal and feeds on detritus, crustaceans and worms (Ref. 4). An active predator or scavenger (Ref. 94757). Another isotope data (δ15N=6.26±0.14, n=3, Ref. 106518).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Ovigerous females are found practically throughout the year, the eggs laid around July are carried for about 9 months (Ref. 4). 1 brood per year (Ref. 81133); 1.6 cm postlarval size (Ref. 81161); 1 month of pelagic period (Ref. 81160).
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Holthuis, L.B. 1991. (Ref. 4)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 December 2009
CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
FAO - 漁業: landings, 魚種描繪 | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | 周邊海洋
工具
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 3.3 - 13.7, mean 7.8 (based on 273 cells).
回復力
中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.03-0.44; tm=2).
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 36 full stock assessments.
瀕危性
Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
